Reversible pancytopenia: A diagnostic dilemma

Abstract

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQS) is a medication initially developed for treatment of malaria. It is used for various rheumatological and skin disorders with various side effects and drug reactions. A 61 years old female presented with fever and pancytopenia with polymorphic skin lesions and sore throat. After exclusion of the common causes, a diagnosis of HCQS induced pancytopenia was made which is a rare side effect of HCQS. The pancytopenia improved following stopping HCQS and the case was diagnosed after detailed history and examination and considering the differentials.

The importance of the case lies in the fact that clinicians should consider drug induced pancytopenia, as it is a reversible cause and can be diagnosed with ease after stopping the offending drug.