Histopathological spectrum of lesions of oral cavity and oropharynx in a tertiary care center

Abstract

Background: Oral cavity and oropharynx are involved by a variety of non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Among these, oral cancer is a major malignancy with higher incidence in developing countries. Aims and Objectives: To assess the histopathological patterns of oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions. Materials and Methods: A one year observational study was undertaken in the Department of Pathology of our institution. Biopsies and resection specimens from oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions received were fixed, grossed, processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. The histological features were studied under light microscope and diagnosis was made. Results: A total of 107 cases were studied. Of these, 71 (66 %) were males and 36 (34%) were females. The neoplastic lesions (68 cases, 64 %) were more than non-neoplastic lesions (39 cases, 36%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy and also the most frequently diagnosed lesion (43 cases, 40.2%). The commonest site involved was tongue (36, 33.6%) followed by buccal mucosa (29, 27.1%). Conclusion: Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for confirming the exact nature of these lesions. Clinical examination combined with histopathological examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.